The force exerted by the heart as it pumps the blood into the large arteries creates a pressure within them and this is known as blood pressure. A certain level of blood pressure is important to keep the blood circulating in the body. The patient with developed arterial hypertension can only hope to reduce the risk of high blood pressure complications. How big is this risk reduction? Hypertension occurs when arterioles, small blood vessels that branch off from the arteries, become constricted making it difficult for blood to pass through them. As a result, blood pressure rises causing your heart to work harder.
Each time the heart beats, it pumps blood through the arteries. Your blood pressure is at its highest when the heart beats, forcing blood into the arteries. Arteries are vessels that carry blood from the pumping heart to all the tissues and organs of the body. High blood pressure does not mean excessive emotional tension, although emotional tension and stress can temporarily increase blood pressure.
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As the arteries expand through relaxation the blood pressure is reduced. The measurement of the pressure or force inside the blood vessels (arteries) with each beat of the heart. Blood pressure is written as two numbers; the first number, the systolic pressure, is the pressure in the arteries when the heart beats and fills the arteries with blood. The arteries act as the pipes, through which blood is pumped from the heart to the organs. The arteries have highly elastic walls that can contract and expand to regulate blood pressure.
The cause of the slight narrowing of the arteries is not clear. A variety of factors probably contribute. When the heart muscle contracts the blood surges through the arteries and the systolic (upper) blood pressure value occurs. The diastolic (lower) value is the resting pressure before the heart contracts again. If, though, the blood pressure is persistently high, damage to the blood vessels, including hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis), can occur. Ultimately, this can lead to a heart attack.
